It is possible that novel markers portraying the pathophysiological underpinning processes may be useful.<b>Aim:</b> To investigate the associations between 80 circulating proteins, measured by a proximity extension assay, and prevalent DKD and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetes.<b>Methods:</b> We randomly divided individuals with type 2 diabetes from three cohorts into a two-thirds discovery and one-third replication set (total <i>n</i> = 813, of whom 231 had DKD defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mg/mL/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and/or urinary albumin-creatinine ratio ≥3 g/mol).
Several Nrf2 activators are at various stages of clinical development and are being tested in clinical trials for chronic kidney disease (CKD) including diabetic kidney disease, Alport syndrome, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
So far, the cornerstone therapy of DN consists of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, agents that decrease the synthesis of intrarenal angiotensin II or block its receptors.
The aim of our study was to show the relationship between the levels of s-Klotho and tubular injury in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD), using as tubular injury marker the kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1).
So far, the cornerstone therapy of DN consists of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, agents that decrease the synthesis of intrarenal angiotensin II or block its receptors.
Attenuation of diabetic nephropathy by dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds and onion (Allium cepa) via suppression of glucose transporters and renin-angiotensin system.
The aim of our study was to show the relationship between the levels of s-Klotho and tubular injury in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD), using as tubular injury marker the kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1).
Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) are the most effective treatments for diabetic kidney disease but significant residual renal risk remains, possibly because of other mechanisms of kidney disease progression unrelated to RAS that may be present.
Proteins associated with DKD were also assessed as predictors for incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in persons with DKD at baseline.<b>Results:</b> Four proteins were positively associated with DKD in models adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, glucose control, and diabetes medication: kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1, odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation increment, 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-2.14); growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15, OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.16-1.69); myoglobin (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.30-1.91), and matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP-10, OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.17-1.74).
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) levels are up-regulated in patients with DN and in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) exposed to high glucose (HG).
To investigate levels and changes in diabetes distress over the course of the PRIORITY (Proteomic prediction and Renin angiotensin aldosterone system Inhibition prevention Of early diabetic nephRopathy In people with TYpe 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria) randomised controlled trial of screening for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) risk among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at a specialist diabetes clinic in Denmark.
Our previous study demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) prevented DN associated with the suppressing renal connective tissue growth factor expression, a key marker of renal fibrosis.
We found that metformin effectively alleviated the disorders of glycolipid metabolism, renal function injury in diabetic rats, and relieved oxidative stress, enhanced autophagy and slowed down abnormal cell proliferation in high glucose cultured RMCs through AMPK/SIRT1-FoxO1 pathway, indicating the protective role of metformin against the pathological process of DKD.
A dedicated renal trial involving a GLP-1 receptor agonist has recently commenced and will answer the question whether these drugs will be effective to reduce DKD.